DOC-B-04-03-08-C
Final text compiled as adopted (CRP.4, plus CRP.4/Add.1, Add.2, Add.4 and Add.5) 
Document for information and Discussion 
DRAFT COMPREHENSIVE AND INTEGRAL INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE RIGHTS AND DIGNITY OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES1 
The States Parties to this Convention,  
a) Recalling the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations which recognise the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,  
b) Recognising that the United Nations have, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants on Human Rights proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, 
c) Reaffirming the universality, indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights and fundamental freedoms and the need for persons with disabilities to be guaranteed their full enjoyment without discrimination, 
d) Reaffirming the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading 
 Several members of the Working Group made proposals on alternative structures for the draft Convention, and also its on its title. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the structure and title of the draft further. 
    DOC-B-04-03-08-C

Treatment or Punishment, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families,2 
e) Recognising the importance of the principles and policy guidelines contained in the Standard Rules on the Equalisation of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities in influencing the promotion, formulation, and evaluation of the policies, plans, programs and actions at the national, regional and international levels to further equalise opportunities for persons with disabilities,  
f) Recognising that discrimination against any person on the basis of disability is a violation of the inherent dignity of the human person,  
g) Recognising the diversity of persons with disabilities, 
h) Concerned that, despite the efforts and actions undertaken by Governments, bodies and relevant organisations, persons with disabilities continue to face barriers in their participation as equal members of society and violations to their human rights in all parts of the world, 
i) Emphasising the importance of international cooperation3 to promote the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms of persons with disabilities,4 
2 
Some members of the Working Group considered that there should not be a reference to this Convention on the grounds that it did not have the same status as the other Covenants and Conventions listed.  Other members pointed out that the Convention had entered into force and should therefore be listed. 
3 
Some members of the Working Group considered that there should not be a reference to international cooperation in the Preamble, or that it should be subject to final agreement on whether the issue of international cooperation should be addressed in the Convention, and if so where it should be included.  
4 
The following alternative formulation was also proposed for consideration: “Recognising the importance of international j) Emphasising the existing and potential contributions made by persons with disabilities to the overall well-being and diversity of their communities, and that the promotion of the full enjoyment by persons with disabilities of their human rights and fundamental freedoms and of full participation by persons with disabilities will result in significant advances in the human, social and economic development of their societies and the eradication of poverty,  
k) Recognising the importance for persons with disabilities of their individual autonomy and independence, including the freedom to make their own choices,  
l) Considering that persons with disabilities should have the opportunity to be actively involved in decision-making processes about policies and programs, especially those directly concerning them, 
m) Concerned about the difficult conditions faced by persons with severe or multiple disabilities and of persons with disabilities who are subject to multiple or aggravated forms of discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status,5 
n) Emphasising the need to incorporate a gender perspective in all efforts to promote the full enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by persons with disabilities, 
o) Mindful of the need to alleviate the negative impact of poverty on the conditions of persons with disabilities,6 
cooperation for improving the living conditions of persons with disabilities in every country, in particular in the developing countries”. 
See the footnotes to paragraph 1(c) of draft Article 23 on social security and an adequate standard of living.  
6 Some members of the Working Group had reservations about the wording of this paragraph. 
p) Concerned that situations of armed conflict have especially devastating consequences for the human rights of persons with disabilities 
q) Recognising the importance of accessibility to the physical, social and economic environment and to information and communication, including information and communications technologies, in enabling persons with disabilities to fully enjoy all human rights and fundamental freedoms, 
r) Convinced that a convention dealing specifically with the human rights of persons with disabilities will make a significant contribution to redressing the profound social disadvantage of persons with disabilities and promote their participation in the civil, political, economical, social and cultural spheres with equal opportunities, in both developing and developed countries, 
Hereby agree as follows: 
Draft Article 1 PURPOSE 
The purpose7 of this Convention shall be to ensure the full, effective and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by persons with disabilities.8 
7 Some members of the Working Group suggested that international cooperation should be included as one of the objectives of the Convention. Other members suggested that international cooperation was a means to achieve the objectives of the Convention, and not an objective itself.  See also paragraph i) in the preamble. 
8 An alternative formulation that the Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider is: “The purpose of this Convention shall be to protect and promote the rights of persons with disabilities.” 

Draft Article 2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 
The fundamental principles of this Convention shall be: 
(a) 	dignity, individual autonomy including the freedom to make 	
	one’s own choices, and independence of persons; 	
(b) 	non-discrimination; 	
(c) 	full inclusion of persons with disabilities as equal citizens 	
	and participants in all aspects of life; 	
(d) 	respect for difference and acceptance of disability as part of 	
	human diversity and humanity; 	
(e) 	equality of opportunity. 	

Draft Article 3 DEFINITIONS9 
“Accessibility”10 
“Communication” includes oral-aural communication, communication using sign language, tactile communication, Braille, large print, audio, accessible multimedia, human reader and other augmentative 
9 In the consideration of this article, the Ad Hoc Committee may wish to take into account the different proposals that were presented to the Committee and the Working Group regarding the specific definitions of the concepts herein contained. 
10 The need for a definition of “accessibility” and the content of any definition will depend on the outcome of the discussion in the Ad Hoc Committee on draft Article 19 on accessibility. 
or alternative modes of communication, including accessible information and communication technology.11 
“Disability”12 
“Persons with disability”13 
“Discrimination on the ground of disability”14 
“Language” includes oral-aural language and sign language.15 
11 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the need for a definition of “communication” (separate from draft Article 13 on Freedom of Expression and Opinion) and, if so, the content of that definition. 
12 
Many members of the Working Group emphasised that a convention should protect the rights of all persons with disabilities 
(i.e. all different types of disabilities) and suggested that the term “disability” should be defined broadly.  Some members were of the view that no definition of ‘disability’ should be included in the convention, given the complexity of disability and the risk of limiting the ambit of the convention. Other delegations pointed to existing definitions used in the international context including the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Function, Disability and Health. There was general agreement that if a definition is included, it should be one that reflects the social model of disability, rather than the medical model.  
13 Some members of the Working Group considered that it was more important to include this definition than the definition of “disability”. Other members were of the view that a definition of this term was not necessary. 
14 
This definition is addressed in draft Article 7 on Equality and Non-Discrimination. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the best placement for this definition. 
15 Some delegations were of the view that the separate draft articles of the Convention specify that language includes sign language, and 
“Reasonable accommodation”16 “Universal Design”, and “Inclusive design”.17 

Draft Article 4 GENERAL OBLIGATIONS18, 19 
1. 	States Parties undertake to ensure the full realisation of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all individuals 
questioned the need for this definition in the present article.  Others expressed the view that the definition was needed.   
16
 The definition of this concept was not discussed beyond the definition that is included in draft Article 7, although the Working Group considered necessary to include it. 
17 
These definitions were not discussed but the Working Group considered that they would be useful.   
18
 Both the Bangkok draft and the Chair’s draft included in this section a paragraph on remedies.  Some members of the Working Group noted that while the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights includes such a provision, the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights does not.  It may be difficult, therefore, to include such an article in a convention that elaborates the rights contained in both Covenants.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider this issue further. 
19
 The issue of progressive realisation of economic, social and cultural rights was raised by several delegations during the Working Group’s discussion.  The Working Group noted that, consistent with existing international human rights law, the concept would apply to some of the rights in the Convention (the economic, social and cultural rights), but not to others (the civil and political rights). The Ad Hoc Committee will need to consider how best to incorporate this issue into the Convention, and may wish to note the precedent set in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The debate was raised in other articles also. 
within their jurisdiction20 without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability.  To this end, States Parties undertake: 
(a) 	to 	adopt 	legislative,	 administrative 	and 	other 	
	measures to give effect to this Convention, and to 	
	amend, repeal or nullify any laws and regulations 	
	and to discourage customs or practices that are 	
	inconsistent with this convention; 	
(b) 	to 	embody 	the 	rights 	of 	equality 	and 	
	non-discrimination on the ground of disability in 	
	their national constitutions or other appropriate 	
	legislation, if not yet incorporated therein, and to 	
	ensure, through law and other appropriate means, 	
	the practical realisation of these rights;  	
(c) 	to mainstream disability issues into all economic 	
	and social development policies and programmes; 	
(d) 	to refrain from engaging in any act or practice that 	
	is inconsistent with this convention and to ensure 	
	that public authorities and institutions act in 	
	conformity with this Convention; 	
(e) 	to take all appropriate measures to eliminate 	
	discrimination on the ground of disability by any 	
	person, organisation or private enterprise; 	

20 The phrase “within their jurisdiction” will need closer examination by the Ad Hoc Committee.  It is taken from Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.  It may be too inclusive and imply, for example, that rights that are not guaranteed for noncitizens could be extended to non-citizens with disabilities.  Article 1(2) of the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Racial Discrimination may offer an alternative approach, but that may be too exclusive and imply that non-citizens with disabilities do not enjoy any of the protections of this Convention. 
(f) 	to promote21 the development, availability and use of universally designed goods, services, equipment and facilities.  Such goods, services, equipment and facilities should require the minimum possible adaptation and the least cost to meet the specific needs of a person with disabilities.22 
2. 	In the development and implementation of policies and legislation to implement this convention, States Parties shall do so in close consultation with, and include the active involvement of, persons with disabilities and their representative organisations. 

Draft Article 5 PROMOTION OF POSITIVE ATTITUDES TO PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES 
1. 	States Parties undertake to adopt immediate and effective measures to: 
(a) 	Raise awareness throughout society regarding disability and persons with disabilities; 
(b) 	Combat stereotypes and prejudices about persons with disabilities; 

21 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether a term that places stronger obligations on States Parties should replace “promote”. 
22 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the term “universal design” or its near synonym “inclusive design” should be used here and throughout the Convention. The Ad Hoc Committee may also wish to consider whether this paragraph should remain as part of draft Article 4, be incorporated into draft Article 19, or be a separate article in its own right. 
(c) 	Promote an image of persons with disabilities as capable and contributing members of society sharing the same rights and freedoms as all others and in a manner consistent with the overall purpose of this Convention.  
2. 	These measures shall include, among others: 
(a) 	initiating and maintaining an effective public awareness campaign designed to nurture receptiveness to the rights of persons with disabilities; 
(b) 	promoting awareness, including in all children from an early age and at all levels of the education system, to foster an attitude of respect for the rights of persons with disabilities; 
(c) 	encouraging all organs of the media to project an image of persons with disabilities consistent with the purpose of this Convention; 
(d) 	working in partnership with persons with disabilities and their representative organisations in all measures taken to give effect to the obligations contained in this article. 

Draft Article 6 STATISTICS AND DATA COLLECTION23 
In order to formulate and implement appropriate policies to protect and promote the rights of persons with disabilities, States Parties should encourage the collection, analysis, and codification of statistics and information on disabilities and on the effective enjoyment of human rights by persons with disabilities. The process of collecting and maintaining this information should: 
23There were differing views within the Working Group regarding the inclusion of this draft Article.  Some delegations strongly supported the inclusion of an article on statistics and data collection in the text of the convention for several reasons.  Data collection is a recommended by Rule 13 of the Standard Rules on the Equalisation of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities.  Its inclusion could allow States to respond more effectively to the needs of the persons with disabilities and to have an accurate assessment of the situation of the persons concerned so as to implement programs for their benefit. General Assembly Resolution A/58/132, in paragraphs 9 and 10, also deals with the issue of data and statistics.  In this draft Article, the respect for the right to privacy is fundamental.  
Other delegations opposed the inclusion of an article on statistics and data collection in the convention, for several reasons. They expressed a concern for the respect of the right to privacy and the risk of misusing the information, and considered that such an article does not belong in a human rights treaty.  They considered that statistics are not useful as a policy tool, and that resources spent in data collection should be used instead in programs for persons with disabilities.  There should be a mainstreaming of surveys and not just surveys for persons with disabilities. 
Other delegations suggested that the draft article should be re-titled. One suggestion was “Collection and Protection of Statistics and Data”. It was clearly considered that any data collected on disabilities must not infringe on the human rights of persons with disabilities. 
(a) 	respect the right to privacy, the dignity and the rights of persons with disabilities, and the information collected from persons with disabilities should be on a voluntary basis;  
(b) 	be kept only in a statistical format without identifying individuals and should be kept secure to prevent unauthorised access or misuse of information; 
(c) 	ensure that the design and implementation of data collection is done in partnership with persons with disabilities, their representative organisations and all other relevant stakeholders; 
(d) 	be disaggregated according to the purpose of the collection of information and should include age, sex and type of disability; 
(e) 	include detailed information on their access to public services, rehabilitation programs, education, housing and employment; 
(f) 	adhere to established ethics regarding respect for anonymity and confidentiality in the collection of statistics and data. 

Draft Article 7 EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION  
1. 	States Parties recognise that all persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. States Parties shall prohibit any discrimination on the basis of disability, and guarantee to all persons with disabilities equal and effective protection against discrimination. States Parties shall also prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons with disabilities equal and effective protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, source or type of disability, age, or any other status. 
2. 	(a) 	Discrimination 	shall 	mean 	any 	distinction, 	
		exclusion or restriction which has the purpose or 	
		effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, 	
		enjoyment or exercise by persons with disabilities, 	
		on an equal footing, of all human rights and 	
		fundamental freedoms. 	
	(b) 	Discrimination discrimination, 	shall include including direct, 	all forms indirect24	of and 	
		systemic,	 and shall also 	include discrimination 	

based on an actual or perceived25 disability. 
3. 	Discrimination does not include a provision, criterion or practice that is objectively and demonstrably justified by the State Party by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving that aim are reasonable and necessary.26 
24
 Some members of the Working Group considered that the Convention should have a specific reference to both direct and indirect discrimination. Other members considered that the distinction between the two forms of discrimination was not sufficiently clear.  They considered that both a reference to “all forms of discrimination” in paragraph 1, and the reference to the “effect” of discrimination in paragraph 2(a), would cover the concept of indirect discrimination. 
25 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the scope of this term, and whether it should apply to the individual’s perception of themselves, or society’s perception of them. 
26 
This paragraph has not appeared in any of core international human rights treaties, although the concept has been developed in the jurisprudence of the treaty bodies.  The Human Rights Committee has included it, for example, it its general comment on Article 26 of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.  The Working Group discussed three options for the consideration of the 
4. 	In order to secure the right to equality for persons with disabilities, states parties undertake to take all appropriate steps, including by legislation, to provide reasonable accommodation,27 defined as necessary and appropriate 
Ad Hoc Committee:  1) The paragraph should not appear in the text at all; 2) the paragraph should be included only as an exception to the specific prohibition on indirect discrimination, and 3) the paragraph should apply to all forms of discrimination.  In addition to those options, some members proposed adding the following phrase to the end of the paragraph: “…and consistent with international human rights law;” 
27 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the following points when considering the term ‘reasonable accommodation’: 
The Working Group considered that there was a need for a concept such as ‘reasonable accommodation’ in the Convention in order to secure compliance with the principle of non-discrimination.   
There was widespread agreement in the Working Group on the need to keep the notion both general and flexible in order to ensure that it could be readily adapted to different sectors (e.g., employment, education, etc.) and in order to respect the diversity of legal traditions. 
There was also general agreement that the process of determining what amounted to a ‘reasonable accommodation’ should be both individualised (in the sense that it should consciously address the individual’s specific need for accommodation) and interactive as between the individual and the relevant entity concerned. It was understood that an entity should not be allowed to compel an individual to accept any particular ‘reasonable accommodation’. It was also felt, however, that in situations where a range of ‘reasonable accommodations’ is available – each of which is, by definition, reasonable - that an individual did not have the right to choose the one that he or she preferred.   
modification and adjustments to guarantee to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal footing of all human rights and fundamental freedoms, unless such measures would impose a disproportionate burden. 
5. 	Special measures28 aimed at accelerating de facto equality of persons with disabilities shall not be considered discrimination as defined in the present Convention, but shall in no way entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate standards; those measures shall be 
There was general agreement that the availability of state funding should limit the use of ‘disproportionate burden’ as a reason by employers and service providers not to provide reasonable accommodation. 
Some members of the Working Group supported the proposition that a failure to ‘reasonably accommodate’ should in itself constitute discrimination, some of whom highlighted General Comment 5 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights as supporting this view.   
Other members of the Working Group considered that the Convention should not dictate the manner by which the concept of ‘reasonable accommodation should be achieved or framed under relevant domestic legislation. Specifically, they took the view that it was inappropriate for an international legal instrument designed primarily to engage State responsibility to frame a failure to ‘reasonably accommodate’ on the part of private entities as a violation of the non-discrimination principle. 
28 The term “special measures” is used in other international human rights treaties. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to discuss the appropriateness of using the term in the disability context, and whether alternative terms could be used. 
discontinued when the objectives of equality of opportunity and treatment have been achieved.29 

Draft Article 8 RIGHT TO LIFE30 
States Parties reaffirm the inherent right to life of all persons with disabilities, and shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective enjoyment by them.31 

Draft Article 9 EQUAL RECOGNITION AS A PERSON BEFORE THE LAW 
States Parties shall: 
(a) 	recognise persons with disabilities as individuals with rights 	
	before the law equal to all other persons; 	
(b) 	accept that persons with disabilities have full legal capacity on an equal basis as others,32 including in financial matters; 	

29 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to discuss whether special measures in the disability context should be limited in time or more permanent. 
30 There were different views expressed within the Working Group as to whether the Convention should include an article on the right to life, and if so, its content. 
31 In the context of the discussion on this draft Article, some members of the Working Group suggested that the Convention should contain a separate draft article on the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities in armed conflict, similar to the approach taken in Article 38(4) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It was also suggested that such an article could deal more broadly with the protection of the rights of groups at particular risk. 
(c) 	ensure that where assistance is necessary to exercise that legal capacity: 
(i) 	the assistance is proportional to the degree of assistance required by the person concerned and tailored to their circumstances, and does not interfere with the legal capacity, rights and freedoms of the person; 
(ii) 	relevant decisions are taken only in accordance with a procedure established by law and with the application of relevant legal safeguards;33 
(d) 	ensure that persons with disabilities who experience difficulty in asserting their rights, in understanding information, and in communicating, have access to assistance to understand information presented to them and to express their decisions, choices and preferences, as 

32 The intent of this paragraph is to acknowledge that children are not generally accepted as having full legal capacity and that neither would, therefore, children with disabilities.  In terms of legal capacity, persons with disabilities should be treated without discrimination on the basis of disability. 
33 Paragraph (c) allows for the provision of assistance to a disabled person to exercise their legal capacity, and is based on the assumption of full legal capacity, even if the person needs assistance in exercising that capacity. It is intended that subparagraph (c)(ii) apply only in exceptional circumstances, for which legal safeguards must be provided.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the paragraph is sufficiently clear, and also how best to protect persons with disabilities who cannot exercise their legal capacity.  A separate paragraph may be required for this purpose. Some members of the Working Group proposed that where others are exercising legal capacity for a person with disabilities, those decisions should not interfere with the rights and freedoms of the person concerned. 
well as to enter into binding agreements or contracts, to sign documents, and act as witnesses;34 	
(e) 	take all appropriate and effective measures to ensure the 	
	equal right of persons with disabilities to own or inherit 	
	property, to control their own financial affairs, and to have 	
	equal access to bank loans, mortgage and other forms of 	
	financial credit; 	
(f) 	ensure that persons with disabilities are not arbitrarily 	
	deprived of their property. 	

Draft Article 10 LIBERTY AND SECURITY OF THE PERSON 
1. 	States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities: 
(a) 	enjoy the right to liberty and security of the person, without discrimination based on disability; 
(b) 	are not deprived of their liberty35 unlawfully36 or arbitrarily, and that any deprivation of liberty shall 

34 The first part of paragraph 4 has more general application than the equal recognition of persons with disabilities as persons before the law and the Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider its most appropriate placement in the Convention. 
35
 The jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee (see, for example, General Comment number 8) notes that States interpret deprivation of liberty too narrowly, so that it applies only to the criminal justice system.  The right to liberty and security of persons, however, applies to all deprivations of liberty, whether in criminal cases or in other cases such as, for example, mental illness or intellectual disability, vagrancy, drug addiction, educational purposes, or immigration control.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider: 1) whether civil and criminal cases should be dealt with separately; 2) whether the text needs further elaboration on civil be in conformity with the law, and in no case shall be based on disability.37 
2. 	States Parties shall ensure that if persons with disabilities are deprived of their liberty, they are: 
(a) 	treated with humanity and respect for the inherent dignity of the human person, and in a manner that takes into account the needs they have because of their disabilities; 
(b) 	provided with adequate information in accessible formats as to the reasons for their deprivation of liberty; 
(c) 	provided with prompt access to legal and other appropriate assistance to; 

(i) 	challenge the lawfulness of the deprivation of their liberty before a court or other competent, independent and impartial authority (in which case, they shall be provided with a prompt decision on any such action); 
cases of deprivation of liberty; and 3) whether, for criminal cases, the clauses in this text dealing with procedural matters need strengthening (see also Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights). 
  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to discuss whether the wording of paragraph 2 does or does not prohibit civil commitment, and whether it should. 
37 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider adding a provision that obliges states to reform laws and procedures that perpetuate the arrest and detention of persons with disabilities on the basis of disability. 
(ii) 	seek regular review of the deprivation of their liberty; 
(d) 	provided with compensation in the case of unlawful deprivation of liberty, or deprivation of liberty based on disability, contrary to this Convention. 

Draft Article 11 FREEDOM FROM TORTURE OR CRUEL, INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT 
1. 	States Parties shall take all effective legislative, administrative, judicial, educational or other measures to prevent persons with disabilities from being subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 
2. 	In particular, States Parties shall prohibit, and protect persons with disabilities from, medical or scientific experimentation without the free and informed consent of the person concerned, and shall protect persons with disabilities from forced interventions or forced institutionalisation aimed at correcting, improving, or alleviating any actual or perceived impairment.38 

38 Members of the Working Group had differing opinions on whether forced intervention and forced institutionalisation should be dealt with under “Freedom from Torture”, or under “Freedom from Violence and Abuse”, or under both. Some members also considered that forced medical intervention and forced institutionalisation should be permitted in accordance with appropriate legal procedures and safeguards. 

Draft Article 12 FREEDOM FROM VIOLENCE AND ABUSE 
1. 	States Parties recognise that persons with disabilities are at greater risk, both within and outside the home, of violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual exploitation and abuse. States Parties shall, therefore, take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social, educational and other measures to protect persons with disabilities, both within and outside the home, from all forms of violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual exploitation and abuse. 
2. 	Such measures should prohibit, and protect persons with disabilities from, forced interventions or forced institutionalisation aimed at correcting, improving, or alleviating any actual or perceived impairment, and abduction. 
3. 	States Parties shall also take all appropriate measures to prevent violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual exploitation and abuse, by ensuring, inter alia, support for persons with disabilities and their families, including the provision of information. 
4. 	States Parties shall ensure that all facilities and programmes, both public and private, where persons with disabilities are placed together, separate from others, are effectively monitored to prevent the occurrence of violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual exploitation and abuse. 
5. 	Where persons with disabilities are the victim of any form of violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual exploitation 

and abuse, States Parties shall take all appropriate 
39
measures to promote their physical and psychological recovery and social reintegration. 
6. 	States Parties shall ensure the identification, reporting, referral, investigation, treatment and follow-up of instances of violence and abuse, and the provision of protection services and, as appropriate, judicial involvement.   

Draft Article 13 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION AND OPINION, AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION 
States parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities can exercise their right to freedom of expression and opinion through Braille, sign language,40 and other modes of communication41 of their choice, and to seek, receive and impart information, on an equal footing with others, including by: 
(a) 	providing public information to persons with disabilities, on request, in a timely manner and without additional cost, in 
39
 Some Working Group members suggested that this paragraph should include an explicit provision of legal remedies. 
40 
Some members of the Working Group consider that this draft Article should include a reference to sign language as the natural language of deaf people in their access to information, communication, services, participation and education. 
41
 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the most appropriate terms to use in this draft Article. “Mode of communication”, “format” (used in paragraph (a)), and “alternative and augmentative communication modes” (used in paragraph (c)) have related, but not identical meanings. 
accessible formats42 and technologies of their choice, taking 	
into account different kinds of disability; 	
(b) 	accepting the use of alternative modes of communication 	
	by persons with disabilities in official interactions; 	
(c) 	educating persons with disabilities to use alternative and 	
	augmentative communication modes; 	
(d) 	undertaking and promoting the research, development and 	
	production of new technologies, including information and 	
	communication technologies, and assistive technologies, 	
	suitable for persons with disabilities; 	
(e) 	promoting other appropriate	 forms of assistance and 	
	support to persons with disabilities to ensure their access to information;43 	
(f) 	encouraging44 private entities that provide services to the 	
	general public to provide information and services in 	
	accessible and usable formats for persons with disabilities; 	
(g) 	encouraging the mass media 	to make their services 	
	accessible to persons with disabilities. 	

42 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether it should include mention of specific formats in this paragraph, such as plain language or easy-to-read formats. 
 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider expanding this sub-paragraph to cover the provision and training of live assistance and intermediaries, such as Braille and caption transcribers, note-takers, sign language and tactile communication interpreters, and readers. 
44 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether ‘encourage’ is the best term to use in paragraphs (f) and (g). 

Draft Article 14 RESPECT FOR PRIVACY, THE HOME AND THE FAMILY 
1. 	Persons with disabilities, including those living in institutions, shall not be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with their privacy, and shall have the right to the protection of the law against such interference.  States Parties to this Convention shall take effective measures to protect the privacy of the home, family, correspondence45 and medical records of persons with disabilities and their choice to take decisions on personal matters. 
2. 	States Parties to this Convention shall take effective and appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against persons with disabilities in all matters relating to marriage and family relations,46 and in particular shall ensure: 
(a) 	that persons with disabilities are not denied the equal opportunity to experience their sexuality, have sexual and other intimate relationships, and experience parenthood; 
(b) 	the right of all men and women with disabilities who are of marriageable age to marry on the basis of free and full consent of the intending spouses, and to found a family; 
(c) 	the rights of persons with disabilities to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children47 on an equal basis with other 

45 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the word “correspondence” should be replaced with the broader term “communications”. 
46 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the phrase “marriage and family relations” might be too limiting. 
47 Members of the Working Group agreed that a prohibition on the sterilisation of persons with disabilities was implicit in the right to 
48
persons and to have access to information, reproductive and family planning education, and the means necessary to enable them to exercise these rights; 
(d) 	the rights of persons with disabilities with regard to guardianship, wardship, trusteeship and adoption of children, or similar institutions where these concepts exist in national legislation.  For the purpose of guaranteeing these rights, States Parties shall render appropriate assistance to disabled parents in the performance of their child-rearing responsibilities;49 
(e) 	that a child shall not be separated from his or her parents against their will, except when competent authorities subject to judicial review determine, in accordance with applicable law and procedures, that such separation is necessary for the best interests of the child. The child shall not however 

decide on the number and spacing of their children, but some members considered that this issue was of such importance that the Ad Hoc Committee should consider making the prohibition explicit. 
48 The understanding of the Working Group is that this draft Article does not deal with the national policies of States Parties on the size of families but simply stipulates that persons with disabilities should not be treated differently from the general population in this respect. The Ad Hoc Committee may therefore wish to consider whether the phrase “on an equal basis with other persons” is necessary in this paragraph. 
49 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the wording of the second sentence of this sub-paragraph in the light of concerns expressed by some delegations that States Parties might find it difficult to guarantee the resources to “render appropriate assistance”. 
be separated from parents with disabilities on the basis either directly or indirectly of their disability;50 
(f) 	the promotion of awareness and the provision of information aimed at changing negative perceptions and social prejudices towards sexuality, marriage and parenthood of persons with disabilities. 

Draft Article 15 LIVING INDEPENDENTLY51 AND BEING INCLUDED IN THE COMMUNITY 
1. 	States Parties to this Convention shall take effective and appropriate measures to enable persons with disabilities to live independently and be fully included in the community, including by ensuring that: 
(a) 	persons with disabilities have the equal opportunity to choose their place of residence and living arrangements; 
50 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider other formulations for the second sentence of this sub-paragraph, including the deletion of the words “either directly or indirectly” or their replacement by the word “solely”, or the substitution of a positive formulation for the sentence, such as: “States Parties shall render appropriate assistance to parents with disabilities to enable their children to live with them”.  
51 Some members of the Working Group expressed the concern that the words “living independently” in the title and chapeau of this draft Article does not reflect the cultural norm in many countries, and that the words might suggest that persons with disabilities should be separated from their families. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider an alternative formulation. 
(b) 	persons with disabilities are not obliged to live in an institution or in a particular living arrangement;52 
(c) 	that persons with disabilities have access to a range of in-home, residential and other community support services, including personal assistance, necessary to support living and inclusion in the community, and to prevent isolation or segregation from the community;53 
(d) 	community services for the general population are available on an equal basis to persons with disabilities and are responsive to their needs; 
(e) 	persons with disabilities have access to information about available support services. 

 Some members of the Working Group, while accepting the principle, thought that States Parties would find it impossible to guarantee this obligation without exception.  Other members considered that the sub-paragraph was redundant, as the issue was covered in sub-paragraph 1(a).  
53 Some members of the Working Group considered that it would be difficult for States Parties to ensure the availability of the services described in sub-paragraphs 1(c) and (d), and in particular the undertaking in paragraph 1(c) to provide personal assistance. 

Draft Article 16 CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES54 
1. 	States Parties undertake to ensure that each child with a disability within their jurisdiction shall enjoy, without discrimination of any kind on the basis of disability, the same rights and fundamental freedoms as other children. 
2. 	States Parties recognise that children with disabilities should enjoy a full and decent life, in conditions that ensure dignity, promote self-reliance and autonomy, and facilitate the child's active participation in the community. 
3. 	States Parties recognise the right of children with disabilities to inclusive care, which shall include:  
(a) 	early provision of appropriate and comprehensive services; 
(b) 	the extension, subject to available resources, to the eligible child and those responsible for his or her care, of assistance for which application is made and which is appropriate to the child's 

54 Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this draft Article are based on Article 23 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.  That Article is a specific elaboration of disability issues in a Convention on children that does not otherwise deal with disabilities.  Draft Article 16 of this text, however, is a specific elaboration of children’s issues in a convention where the rest of the text does deal with disabilities. Duplicating Article 23 in this context, therefore, may not adequately deal with the issues faced by children with disabilities. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to revisit this draft Article so that it instead covers issues that affect children with disabilities, but which have not been dealt with elsewhere in the Convention.  Examples could include the vulnerability of children with disabilities to sexual abuse and exploitation, of refugee children with disabilities, and of orphan children with disabilities. 
condition and to the circumstances of the parents or others caring for the child; 
4. 	Recognising the needs of children with disabilities, assistance extended in accordance with paragraph 3 of the present article shall be provided free of charge, whenever possible, taking into account the financial resources of the parents or others caring for the child and shall be designed to ensure that a child with a disability has effective access to and receives education, training, health care services, comprehensive [re]habilitation services, preparation for employment and recreation opportunities in a manner conducive to the child's achieving the fullest possible social integration and individual development, including his or her cultural and spiritual development; 
5. 	Children with disabilities and their parents or other persons caring for or legally responsible for the child shall be provided with appropriate information, referrals and counselling, and information made available in these ways should provide them with a positive view of their potential and right to live a full and inclusive life.   

Draft Article 17 EDUCATION55 
1. 	States Parties recognise the right of all persons with disabilities to education.  With a view to achieving this right progressively and on the basis of equal opportunity, the 
55 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether this draft Article should cover training more extensively, drawing together the provisions on training in other Articles. 
education of children56 with disabilities shall be directed to:57 
(a) 	the full development of the human potential and sense of dignity and self worth, and the strengthening of respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and human diversity; 
(b) 	enabling all persons with disabilities to participate effectively in a free society; 
(c) 	the development of the child’s personality, talents and mental and physical abilities to their fullest potential; 
(d) 	take into account the best interests of the child, in particular by individualising education plans; 

2. 	In realising this right, States Parties shall ensure: 
(a) 	that all persons with disabilities can choose inclusive and accessible education in their own community (including access to early childhood and pre-school education);58 
56 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the focus of the chapeau should be solely on ‘children’, since other provisions of this draft Article refer to ‘persons’ with disabilities. 
57
 Paragraph 1 of this draft Article draws on Article 13(1) of the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights and Article 29(1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.  It does not quote those sources in full, but rather selects those elements that have particular relevance to persons with disabilities. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to give further consideration to this approach. 
58
  The intent of this draft Article is to provide the right to choose inclusive and accessible education. There is no intention to create an obligation on students with disabilities to attend general schools where their needs may not be adequately met. The 
(b) 	the provision of required support, including the specialised training of teachers,59 school counsellors and psychologists, an accessible curriculum, accessible teaching medium and technologies, alternative and augmentative communication modes, alternative learning strategies, accessible physical environment, or other reasonable accommodations to ensure the full participation of students with disabilities; 
(c) 	that no child with disabilities is excluded from free and compulsory primary education on account of their disability. 

3. 	States Parties shall ensure that where the general education system does not adequately meet the needs of persons with disabilities special and alternative forms of learning60 should be made available. Any such special and alternative forms of learning should:61 
Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the wording of this paragraph is sufficiently clear. 
  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether this draft Article should also include the employment of teachers with disabilities in the general education system (see, for example, Article 10(d) of the Indian draft convention), the removal of legislative barriers to persons with disabilities becoming teachers, and raising awareness among teachers of the needs of children with disabilities. 
60 The term ‘learning’ does not have the same meaning as the term ‘education’. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider which is the most appropriate word.  An alternative word in this paragraph could be ‘provision’. 
61 While members of the Working Group considered that choice was an important element of this paragraph, some members considered that the right to education was more important.  Other members 
(a) 	reflect the same standards and objectives provided in the general education system; 
(b) 	be provided in such a manner to allow children with disabilities to participate in the general education system to the maximum extent possible;62 
(c) 	allow a free and informed choice between general and special systems; 

would have liked greater emphasis on the interests of the child in this choice. 
Different approaches were also identified to setting out the relationship between the provision of specialist education services and the general education system.  Some members considered that education of children with disabilities in the general education system should be the rule, and the provision of specialist education services the exception.  Others thought that specialist education services should be provided not only where the general education system is inadequate, but should rather be made available at all times without a presumption that one approach is more desirable than the other. Some members of the Working Group, for example, highlighted the need for deaf and blind children to be allowed to be educated in their own groups.  If the latter approach is taken, the Working Group considered that there should still be an explicit obligation on the state to make the general education system accessible to students with disabilities, without limiting the individual’s ability to choose either the general system or the specialist services. 
62
  The intention of this sub-paragraph is to ensure that the general education system and specialist education services are not mutually exclusive options, and that there is a range of options in between that are available. 
(d) 	in no way limit the duty of States Parties to continue to strive to meet the needs of students with disabilities in the general education system.  
4. 	States Parties shall ensure that children with sensory disabilities may choose to be taught sign language or Braille, as appropriate, and to receive the curriculum in sign language or Braille.  States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure quality education to students with sensory disabilities by ensuring the employment of teachers who are fluent in sign language or Braille.63 
5. 	States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities may access general tertiary education, vocational training, adult education and lifelong learning on an equal basis with others. To that end, States Parties shall render appropriate assistance to persons with disabilities. 

Draft Article 18 PARTICIPATION IN POLITICAL AND PUBLIC LIFE 
States Parties recognise the political rights of persons with disabilities, without discrimination, and undertake to:  
(a) 	actively promote an environment in which persons with disabilities can effectively and fully participate in political 
 Some members of the Working Group preferred to keep this paragraph specific to children with sensory disabilities to allow, for example, deaf children to be taught in sign language.  Other members questioned whether it should be broadened to include all children who may need alternative communication modes.  In either case, there was agreement that wherever sign language, Braille, or alternative communication systems are taught and used, it should be in addition to, and not instead of, the teaching of written or spoken national languages. The Ad Hoc Committee may also consider whether this issue could be addressed in draft Article 13 on freedom of expression and opinion. 
and public life, directly or through freely chosen representatives, including the right and opportunity of citizens with disabilities to vote and be elected, and by ensuring that voting procedures and facilities:  
(i) 	are appropriate, accessible and easy to understand; 
(ii) 	protect the right of citizens with disabilities to vote by secret ballot; and 

(iii) 	allow, where necessary, the provision of assistance in voting to citizens with disabilities; 
(b) 	actively promote an environment in which persons with disabilities can effectively and fully participate in the conduct of public administration, and shall encourage, as appropriate, their participation in public affairs, including to:64 
(i) 	participate on a basis of equality in the activities and administration of political parties and civil society; 
(ii) 	form and join organisations of persons with disabilities to represent persons with disabilities at national, regional and local levels; 
(c) 	to ensure that persons with disabilities and their organisations participate, on an equal basis to others, in all 

64 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the differing levels of obligations that are appropriate for state and non-state organs in this paragraph. 
decision-making processes, in particular those concerning issues relating to persons with disabilities.65 

Draft Article 19 ACCESSIBILITY 
1. 	States Parties to this Convention shall take appropriate66 measures to identify and eliminate obstacles, and to ensure accessibility for persons with disabilities to the built67 environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including information and communications technologies, and to other services,68 in order to ensure the capacity of persons with disabilities to live independently and to participate fully in all aspects of life.  The focus of these measures shall include, inter alia: 
65 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider paragraph (c) alongside the similar provision in draft Article 4(2) of this draft, and whether both provisions are necessary.  The Ad Hoc Committee may also wish to compare both paragraphs to Article 6(b) of ILO Convention 169 and Rule 14 of the Standard Rules. 
66
 Some members of the Working Group preferred the word “progressive” in this paragraph and in the chapeau of paragraph 2. Other members were concerned with consistency with other articles of the Convention.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider alternative formulations. 
67 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the term “physical” should be used instead of “built”, which is its near synonym in this context. 
68 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider further the issue of attempting to list comprehensively the facilities and services covered in the chapeau to this paragraph, including whether a reference to the “communications environment” is desirable. 
(a) 	the construction and renovation of public69 buildings, roads and other facilities for public use, including schools, housing, medical facilities, in-door and out-door facilities and publicly owned workplaces; 
(b) 	the development and remodelling of public transportation facilities, communications and other services, including electronic services. 

2. 	States Parties shall also take appropriate measures to: 
(a) 	provide in public buildings and facilities signage in Braille and easy to read and understand forms; 
(b) 	provide other forms of live assistance70 and intermediaries,71 including guides, readers and 

The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the scope of the provisions in this draft article, in particular paragraphs 1(a) and (b), and 2(a), (b), (c) and (d). The Working Group questioned whether the concept of public buildings, facilities and services should also extend to privately owned or developed buildings, facilities and services intended for public use, and what level of obligation States Parties should place on private owners or developers to ensure access to persons with disabilities. Some members of the Working Group were of the view that privately owned or developed buildings, facilities and services should be covered by the obligations in this draft Article, but other members wished to consider the implications of this further. 
70 ‘Live assistance’ includes human assistance, such as guides and readers, and animal assistance, such as guide dogs. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether there is a more self-explanatory term. The term is also used in draft Article 20(a). 
71 ‘Intermediaries’ means people who do not assist but who rather act as a conduit for the transmission of information to certain groups of persons with disabilities, for example, sign language interpreters for the hearing impaired. The term is also used in draft Article 20(a). 
sign language interpreters, to facilitate accessibility to public buildings and facilities; 
(c) 	develop, promulgate and monitor implementation of minimum national standards and guidelines for the accessibility of public facilities and services; 
(d) 	encourage private entities that provide public facilities and services to take into account all aspects of accessibility for persons with disabilities; 
(e) 	undertake and promote research, development and production of new assistive technologies, giving priority to affordably priced technologies; 
(f) 	promote universal design and international cooperation in the development of standards, guidelines and assistive technologies; 
(g) 	ensure organisations of persons with disabilities are consulted when standards and guidelines for accessibility are being developed; 
(h) 	provide training for all stakeholders on accessibility issues facing persons with disabilities. 

Draft Article 20 PERSONAL MOBILITY72 
States Parties to this Convention shall take effective73 measures to ensure liberty of movement with the greatest possible independence for persons with disabilities, including: 
72 This draft Article is entitled Personal Mobility to distinguish it from the broader right to liberty of movement in Article 12(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the placement of elements of this draft Article, in particular sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c). 
(a) 	facilitating access by persons with disabilities to high-quality mobility aids, devices, assistive technologies and forms of live assistance and intermediaries, including by making them available at affordable cost; 
(b) 	promoting universal design for mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies and encouraging private entities which produce these to take into account all aspects of mobility for persons with disabilities; 
(c) 	undertaking and promoting research, development and production of new mobility aids, devices and assistive technologies; 
(d) 	providing training in mobility skills to persons with disabilities and to specialist staff working with persons with disabilities; 
(e) 	facilitating the freedom of movement of persons with disabilities in the manner and at the time of their choice, and at affordable cost; 
(f) 	providing information to persons with disabilities about mobility aids, devices, assistive technologies and other forms of assistance and services; 
(g) 	promoting awareness about mobility issues for persons with disabilities. 

Some members of the Working Group preferred the word “progressive” or “appropriate”. Other members were concerned with consistency with other articles of the Convention. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider alternative formulations. 

Draft Article 21 RIGHT TO HEALTH AND REHABILITATION74 
States Parties recognise that all persons with disabilities have the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination on the basis of disability.  States Parties shall strive to ensure no person with a disability is deprived of that right, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure access75 for persons with disabilities to health and rehabilitation services.  In particular, States Parties shall: 
(a) 	provide persons with disabilities with the same range and 	
	standard of health and rehabilitation services as provided 	
	other citizens, including sexual and reproductive health 	
	services; 	
(b) 	strive to provide those health and rehabilitation services 	
	needed by persons with disabilities specifically because of 	
	their disabilities; 	

74 Some members of the Working Group considered that grouping ‘rehabilitation’ with ‘health’ was inappropriate, and that it would be better dealt with in a separate article, because ‘rehabilitation’ includes more than ‘medical rehabilitation’, and should not be ‘medicalised’. Rehabilitation includes medical, physical, occupational, communication and psycho-social services as well as training in everyday skills and mobility.  The term ‘rehabilitation’ as used here includes those processes sometimes called ‘habilitation’ (the gaining of skills that people have not previously had, rather than the re-gaining of skills lost). The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to include an explanation of this nature in draft Article 3 on definitions. Rehabilitation for the purposes of work and education may be best covered in the relevant draft Articles on work and education.   
Some Working Group members suggested affordability, and access to health insurance by persons with disabilities without discrimination on the basis of disability, should be addressed in the Convention.  
(c) 	endeavour to provide these health and rehabilitation 	
	services as communities;76 	close 	as 	possible 	to 	people’s 	own 	
(d) 	ensure that health and rehabilitation services include the 	
	provision of safe respite places, to use on a voluntary basis, 	
	and counselling and support groups, including those 	
	provided by persons with disabilities; 	
(e) 	provide programs and services to prevent and protect 	
	against secondary disabilities, including amongst children and the elderly;77 	
(f) 	encourage research and the development, dissemination 	
	and application of new knowledge and technologies that benefit persons with disabilities;78 	

76 There was general agreement in the Working Group that, as far as possible, health care and rehabilitation services should be decentralised, taking into account the degree of specialisation. Some members of the Working Group also suggested that community based rehabilitation programmes should be ensured, including the working in partnership with local communities and families to continue rehabilitation. 
There were conflicting views amongst members of the Working Group on the issue of prevention of disability.  For some, the Convention is on the rights of existing people with disabilities, and should mention only the minimisation of the effects or progression of their disability, and the prevention of further, secondary, disabilities. For others, the prevention of disability per se should be included. 
78 Some members of the Working Group suggested there should be a specific mention of the fields of (bio)medical, genetic, and scientific research, and its applications, and its use to advance the human rights of people with disabilities.   
(g) 	encourage the development of sufficient numbers of health and rehabilitation professionals, including persons who have disabilities, covering all disciplines needed to meet the health and rehabilitation needs of persons with disabilities, and ensure they have adequate specialised training; 
(h) 	provide all health and rehabilitation professionals an appropriate education and training to increase their disability-sensitive awareness and respect for the rights, dignity and needs of persons with disabilities, in line with the principles of this Convention;79 
(i) 	ensure that a code of ethics for public and private healthcare, that promotes quality care, openness and respect for the human rights, dignity and autonomy of persons with disabilities, is put in place nationally, and ensure that the services and conditions of public and private health care and rehabilitation facilities and institutions are well monitored; 
(j) 	ensure that health and rehabilitation services provided to persons with disabilities, and the sharing of their personal health or rehabilitation information,80 occur only after the person concerned has given their free and informed consent,81 and that health and rehabilitation professionals inform persons with disabilities of their relevant rights;82 

79 Part of the intent of this paragraph is to ensure that health and rehabilitation professionals providing services to persons with disabilities understand the on-going effect disabilities have on a person’s life, as opposed to more immediate medical considerations. 
80 Privacy issues have been also addressed in draft Article 14 on the right to privacy. 
Free and informed consent has wider application in this draft Convention than this paragraph alone.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the following wording be included in this sub-paragraph or broadened to become a definition in draft Article 3.  
(k) 	prevent unwanted medical and related interventions and corrective surgeries from being imposed on persons with disabilities;83 
(l) 	protect the privacy of health and rehabilitation information of persons with disabilities on an equal basis;84 
(m) 	promote the involvement of persons with disabilities and their organizations in the formulating of health and rehabilitation legislation and policy as well as in the planning, delivery and evaluation of health and rehabilitation services.85 

“Informed decisions can be made only with knowledge of the purpose and nature, the consequences, and the risks of the treatment and rehabilitation supplied in plain language and other accessible formats”. 
82
 Some members of the Working Group considered that the paragraph should spell out the rights. 
83 Some members of the Working Group also considered that forced medical intervention and forced institutionalisation should be permitted in accordance with appropriate legal procedures and safeguards (see also draft Article 11). 
84
 Some members of the Working Group suggested that this sub-paragraph was redundant and should be deleted. 
85
 The involvement of persons with disabilities in formulating legislation and policy, as well as in the planning, delivery and evaluation of services, has wider applicability than this draft Article. Some members of the Working Group suggested that it should be covered under draft Article 4 on general obligations. 

Draft Article 22 RIGHT TO WORK 86, 87, 88 
States Parties recognise the right of persons with disabilities to work, which includes the opportunity to gain a living by work that they freely choose or accept, with a view to promoting equal opportunity and treatment of persons with disabilities, and protecting them from poverty. States Parties shall take appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realisation of this right, including measures to: 
(a) 	promote a labour market and work environment 	
	that are open, inclusive,persons with disabilities;89 	 and accessible to all 	
(b) 	enable persons with disabilities to have effective 	
	access 	to 	general 	technical 	and 	vocational 	

86 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the potential role of the International Labour Organisation in implementing and monitoring the right to work under this Convention. 
87 Some members of the Working Group raised the issue of a need to address the special circumstances of women with disabilities in fulfilling this right. 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether broad terms in which this draft Article is expressed is consistent with the detailed provisions of other articles of the draft Convention.  The Committee may also wish to consider in this context whether further thought should be given to elaborating provisions for the training of persons with disabilities. 
89 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether to spell out the meaning of this provision in practice and the further definition of the term ‘inclusive’ in this context.  In this context, too, the Committee may wish to consider whether transportation to the workplace for persons with disabilities is covered under the provision of access to the workplace under draft Article 19. 
guidance programs, placement services, assistive devices, and vocational and continuing training; 
(c) 	promote90 employment opportunities and career advancement for persons with disabilities in the open labour market, including opportunities for self-employment and starting one’s own business, as well as assistance in finding, obtaining and maintaining employment; 
(d) 	encourage employers91 to hire persons with disabilities, such as through affirmative action programs, incentives and quotas;92 
(e) 	ensure the reasonable accommodation of persons with disabilities in the workplace and work environment;93 
(f) 	promote the acquisition by persons with disabilities of work experience in the open labour market; 

90 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the addition of the phrase ‘pursue active labour market policies’, at the beginning of this sub-paragraph. 
91 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the appropriateness of specifying the particular responsibility of governments as employers in this context. 
92 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the appropriateness of specifically mentioning quotas as a possible measure in this draft Article. 
93 Some members of the Working Group emphasised the particular importance of the obligation to make reasonable accommodation in the employment context, and considered that a more detailed paragraph on reasonable accommodation should be elaborated under the right to work, in addition to any draft article on reasonable accommodation elsewhere in the Convention. 
(g) 	promote vocational and professional rehabilitation, job retention and return-to-work programs; 
(h) 	protect94 through legislation persons with disabilities with regard to employment, continuance of employment, career advancement, working conditions, including equal remuneration for work of equal value and equal opportunities, and the redressing of grievances,95 and to ensure persons with disabilities are able to exercise their labour and trade union rights; 
(i) 	ensure that persons with disabilities have equal opportunity to employment in the public sector; 
(j) 	promote recognition96 of the skills, merits, abilities and contributions of persons with disabilities to the workplace and the labour market, and to combat stereotypes and prejudices about persons with disabilities in the workplace and the labour market. 

94 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider this formulation to take into account protection of persons with disabilities from disguised discrimination in the workplace, such as, stipulating unnecessary qualifications that have the effect of excluding persons with disabilities from employment. 
95 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the listing of working conditions here may be inadvertently limiting. 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to expand on the idea of recognition to encompass the formal recognition of the skills of persons with disabilities. 

Draft Article 23 SOCIAL SECURITY AND AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF 97, 98 
1. 	States Parties recognise the right of all persons with disabilities to social security, including social insurance,99 and to the enjoyment of that right without discrimination on the basis of disability, and shall take appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realisation of this right, including measures to: 
(a) 	ensure access by persons with disabilities to necessary services, devices and other assistance for disability-related needs;100 
(b) 	ensure access by persons with disabilities, particularly women and girls with disabilities and 

97 Some members of the Working Group noted that the meaning of ‘social security’ differs widely from state to state, and that the scope of the right to an adequate standard of living is much broader that social security.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider this issue further. 
98 Some members of the Working Group expressed concern about the capacity of States Parties to implement these provisions. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider inclusion of the concept of progressive realisation in this right if it is not addressed in a paragraph with general application elsewhere in the Convention. 
99 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider inclusion of the concept of ‘social assistance’. 
100 
Some members of the Working Group considered that this provision should be strengthened to mention explicitly technical aids to mobility, transfer, auditory or visual perception and other special devices that persons with disabilities require. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether this issue is adequately covered in draft Article 20 on Personal Mobility. 
the aged with disabilities, to social security programmes and poverty reduction strategies, and to take into account the needs and perspectives of persons with disabilities in all such programmes and strategies; 
(c) 	ensure access by persons with severe101 and multiple disabilities, and their families,102 living in situations of poverty to assistance from the State to cover disability-related expenses (including adequate training, counselling, financial assistance and respite care), which should not become a disincentive to develop themselves;103 
(d) 	ensure access by persons with disabilities to governmental housing programs, including through earmarking percentages of governmental housing104 for persons with disabilities; 

101 Some members of the Working Group questioned the use of the word ‘severe’ on the grounds either that it was difficult to define or that it was prejudicial.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether to omit it. 
102 There was a difference of view among Working Group members as to whether the provisions of this sub-paragraph should be extended to the families of persons with disabilities, and as to how ‘family’ should be defined. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider this further and with general application to the Convention. 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the provisions of this sub-paragraph should apply to persons with disabilities generally. 
104 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether the phrase “including through earmarking percentages of government housing” is appropriate in the draft Convention.  Some members of the Working Group expressed the view that it was too prescriptive and may limit the measures that States Parties could take to ensure access to governmental housing programmes. Some members of 
(e) 	ensure access by persons with disabilities to tax exemptions and tax benefits in respect of their income;105 
(f) 	ensure that persons with disabilities are able to access life and health insurance without discrimination on the basis of disability.106 

2. 	States Parties recognise the right of all persons with disabilities to an adequate standard of living for themselves and their families, including adequate food, clothing, housing and access to clean water,107 and to the continuous improvement of living conditions, and will undertake appropriate steps to safeguard and promote the realisation of this right. 
the Working Group also considered that non-discriminatory access to privately provided housing should also be specified. 
105 Some members of the Working Group expressed the view that this sub-paragraph is too prescriptive. 
106 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the extent to which States Parties can determine the provision of insurance, which in many countries is typically the domain of the private sector. 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider the reference to ‘clean water’ further. Some members of the Working Group considered that it should be deleted on the grounds that it is not a right guaranteed under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Other members considered that the reference was critical to the treatment and prevention of disabilities, and should be strengthened to include “basic services”. 

Draft Article 24 PARTICIPATION IN CULTURAL LIFE, RECREATION, LEISURE AND SPORT108 
1. 	States Parties recognise the right of all persons with disabilities to take part in cultural life, and shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities: 
(a) 	have the opportunity to develop and utilise their creative, artistic and intellectual potential, not only for their own benefit, but also for the enrichment of their community; 
(b) 	enjoy access to literature and other cultural materials in all accessible formats, including in electronic text, sign language and Braille, and in audio and multi-media formats; 
(c) 	enjoy access to television programmes, films, theatre, and other cultural activities, in all accessible formats, including captioning and sign language; 
(d) 	enjoy access to places for cultural performances or services, such as theatres, museums, cinemas, libraries and the hospitality industry, and, as far as possible, enjoy access to monuments and sites of national cultural importance; 
2. 	States Parties shall take all appropriate steps to ensure that laws protecting intellectual property rights do not constitute an unreasonable or discriminatory barrier to access by persons with disabilities to cultural materials, while respecting the provisions of international law. 
108 The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether and how the concept of accessibility could be expanded under this draft Article. 
3. 	Persons who are deaf shall be entitled, on an equal basis with others, to recognition and support of their specific cultural and linguistic identity.109 
4. 	States Parties recognise the right of persons with disabilities, on an equal basis with others,110 to participate in recreational, leisure and sporting activities and shall take appropriate measures to: 

(a) 	encourage and promote the participation, to the fullest extent possible, of persons with disabilities in mainstream sporting activities at regional, national and international levels;111 
109 
The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider whether this provision would be more appropriately placed under another draft article. 
110
 Some members of the Working Group considered that "on an equal basis with others" should be deleted from this paragraph, and that sub-paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) should instead include an obligation on States Parties to remove discriminatory barriers, both environmental and societal, to the enjoyment of these rights. Other members expressed the view that "on an equal basis with others" should be retained, because sporting, recreational and leisure organisations and facilities are often within the private sector.  The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider this issue further. 
111
 Some members of the Working Group emphasised the importance of mainstreaming sporting activities for persons with disabilities.  Others indicated that this obligation would need to be balanced with the promotion of separate sporting activities and organisations that are tailored to the needs and abilities of persons with disabilities, as well as disabled specific sports that may not be included in mainstream sporting events. The Ad Hoc Committee may wish to consider how best to incorporate these views. 
(b) 	ensure that persons with disabilities have an 	
	opportunity to organise and participate in sporting 	
	activities and to receive the same instruction, 	
	training and resources in support that is available 	
	to other participants; 	
(c) 	ensure that persons with disabilities have access 	
	to sporting and recreational venues, and that 	
	children with disabilities have equal access to 	
	participating 	in 	sporting 	activities 	with 	the 	
	education system; 	
(d) 	ensure that persons with disabilities have access 	
	to services from those involved in the organisation 	
	of recreational, leisure and sporting activities. 	

Draft Article 25 MONITORING112 
National Implementation Framework113 
1. 	States Parties shall designate a focal point within Government for matters relating to the implementation of the present Convention, and give due consideration to the establishment or designation of a coordination mechanism 
The Working Group did not have time to consider the issue of international monitoring of the draft Convention.  Some members of the Working Group indicated, however, that international monitoring was an issue of considerable importance to them.  Other members, however, had reservations in this respect. 
113 The Working group did not discuss in detail the wording of the draft provisions. It noted that the Ad Hoc Committee may wish to discuss the issue further and take into account the on-going review of the work of the existing UN human rights treaty monitoring bodies. 
to facilitate related action in different sectors and at different levels. 
2. 	States Parties shall, in accordance with their legal and administrative system, maintain, strengthen, designate or establish at the national level a framework114 to promote, protect and monitor implementation of the rights recognised in the present Convention. 
 The Working Group did not reach agreement on a number of issues relating to the role of national human rights institutions in the process of the promoting, protecting and monitoring the implementation of the Convention but some members considered that they might perform, inter alia, the following functions:  promoting awareness of the provisions of the Convention to persons with disabilities and to the general population;  monitoring national legislation, policies and programmes to ensure consistency with the Convention;  undertaking or facilitating research on the impact of the Convention or of national legislation;  developing a system for assessing that impact on persons with disabilities;  and hearing complaints about failure to observe the Convention.